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We all use it, and in most cases take it for granted, but do we ever really think about where we get gas from? Or, for that matter, what it actually is?
Gas is made up of methane. This is a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen. It is formed over millions of years by decaying plants and animals. Over time, rock forms around the material, causing a pressure which results in gas.
Because gas is so important, geologists and scientists work hard to find supplies of it. Geologists have to find the right type of rock that contains the gas. They do this through detailed studies of the earth.
One way in which geologists try to find gas is by using seismic surveys. These use vibrations to determine the type of rock, and whether or not it contains gas. Once gas has been found, a well and system of pipes are used to extract it.
Gas is one of, what is known as, the fossil fuels. These are fuels that are found in, and extracted from, fossils. Crude oil and coal are also fossil fuels.
The problem with fossil fuels is that they can run out. They are non-renewable. This means that once we have used them up, there is no more. Because of this, scientists have long been looking for alternative sources of energy, in order to cut down the usage of non-renewable fossil fuels.
One such source of renewable energy is the wind. Wind farms featuring huge turbines have been erected up and down the country. The wind turns the blades of the turbines, which in turn starts a generator. Wind turbines are fast becoming one of the most popular sources of renewable energy.
Another form of renewable energy is solar energy. This is energy we get from the sun. Many new ‘green’ homes are built with solar panels fitted in the roof. The panels attract the heat from the sun, which generates energy.
Water power is also used as an alternative source of energy. Hydro power, as it is called, is created by falling water. The power of it turns a turbine, thus generating energy. Like the other forms of renewable energy, hydro power causes no pollution, so is very good for the environment.
Renewable energy and finding new sources of it is becoming more and more important as the threat of running out of non-renewable sources we have traditionally used, becomes more real. During the winter months especially, we are using huge amounts of gas for fuel, and scientists warn us it cannot last.
Businesses have to look for alternative forms of fuel as, once the non-renewable sources run out, they will not be able to carry on. Fuel is a vital part of industry.
An interesting fact about gas is that since it is invisible and odourless, a chemical is added to it that has a distinctive smell. This is added as a safety precaution, as gas leaks are extremely dangerous. Without the smell we would not be able to detect a leak.
